In addition, it also supports mocks, performance testing, and Mobile test Automation with other inbuilt features Otherwise they would be evaluated as expressions - which does come in useful for some dynamic data-driven situations: Yes, you can even nest chunks of JSON in tables, and things work as you would expect. Of course, resorting to a sleep in a UI test is considered a very bad-practice and you should always use retry() instead. For convenience, a string contains match is used. If you want to pretty print a JSON or XML value with indenting, refer to the documentation of the print keyword. You can get really creative and use JS functions to filter data for different needs. JSON arrays), see. Note that if you need to do a lot of case-insensitive string checks, karate.lowerCase() is what you are looking for. Full Time position. But if you really need to use the HTTP response code in an expression or save it for later, you can get it as an integer: Note that match can give you some extra readable options: The response time (in milliseconds) for the current response would be available in a variable called responseTime. But one pattern that you should be aware of is that JSON is actually a great data-structure for looking up data. Added karate dependencies Create First API Test Using Karate Given this custom, user-defined Java class: This is how it can be called from a test-script via JavaScript, and yes, even static methods can be invoked: Note that JSON gets auto-converted to Map (or List) when making the cross-over to Java. You can also use JSON to set multiple query-parameters in one-line using params and this is especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing. All you need is available in the karate-core artifact. }, if so, is the configured value a JavaScript function ? to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. Refer to this demo feature for an example: kitten-create.feature. If you have a custom implementation of a Target, you can easily construct any custom Java class and pass it to configure driverTarget. With the Karate framework, testers without a programming background can perform tests more easily. A very powerful variation of waitUntil() takes a full-fledged JavaScript function as the argument. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. The demo also features code-coverage using Jacoco, and some tips for even non-Java back-ends. He created Karate to address some of the issues of Selenium. You can run tests with this directly, but teams can choose the JUnit variant (shown below) that pulls in JUnit 5 and slightly improves the in-IDE experience. Something worth mentioning here is that you would hardly need to use assert in your test scripts. You will typically also match against a specific HTML tag (which is preferred, and faster at run-time). When re-running tests in development mode and when your test suite depends on say an Authorization header set by karate.callSingle(), you can cache the results locally to a file, which is very convenient when your auth token is valid for a period of a few minutes - which typically is the case. For an example of how JavaScript looks like on the Karate side see Function Composition. Step 3: Create a feature file and write a Scenario. Given the examples above, it has to be said that a best practice with Karate is to avoid JavaScript for loops as far as possible. The response is automatically available as a JSON, XML or String object depending on what the response contents are. - Karate is BDD testing framework - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 (intuit). You can easily do this via karate.set('someVarName', value). First the JavaScript file, basic-auth.js: And heres how it works in a test-script using the header keyword. To avoid problems, stick to the pattern of using double-quotes to wrap the JavaScript snippet, and you can use single-quotes within. They are param, header, cookie, form field and multipart field. The Karate Demo has a working example of the recommended parallel-runner set up. You need to use karate.toJava() to wrap JS functions passed to custom Java code. If you get stuck and ask a question on Stack Overflow, make sure you provide a cURL command that works - or else it would be very difficult for anyone to troubleshoot what you could be doing wrong. The following scenario will make this clear. Here are the various combinations for you to compare using click() as an example. With the above in place, you dont have to keep switching between your src/test/java and src/test/resources folders, you can have all your test-code and artifacts under src/test/java and everything will work as expected. This means that you cannot use any Karate JS objects or API-s such as karate.get() or driver.title. return 'this text will be displayed above the image comparison config\n' + customConfigJson This is technically not in the key-value form: multipart field name = 'foo', but logically belongs here in the documentation. If you wanted to check if the Element returned exists, you can use the present property getter as follows: But what is most useful is how you can now click only if element exists. name,type The not equals operator != works as you would expect: You typically will never need to use the != (not-equals) operator ! And as shown in the example below, having text in-line is useful especially when you use the Scenario Outline: and Examples: for data-driven tests involving Cucumber-style place-holder substitutions in strings. If you use the provided ScenarioRuntime.logger instance in your Target code, any logging you perform will nicely appear in-line with test-steps in the HTML report, which is great for troubleshooting or debugging tests. Please refer to the wiki: Distributed Testing. playwright) for the start scripts to live. The Element API has getters for the following properties: This can be convenient in some cases, for example as an alternative to Friendly Locators. Hello World Index Capabilities Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation All-in-one framework that includes parallel-execution, HTML reports, environment-switching, and CI integration for advanced users - scripts can introspect the tags that apply to the current scope, refer to this example: for even more advanced users - Karate natively supports tags in a, when you want to get the absolute OS path to the argument which could even have a prefix such as, converts a JSON string or map-like object into a Java object, given the Java class name as the second argument, refer to this, converts a JSON array (of objects) or a list-like object into a CSV string, writing this to a file is your responsibility or you could use, rarely used, when you need to pass a JS function to custom Java code, typically for, for advanced conditional logic when object types are dynamic and not known in advance, see, returns only the values of a map-like object (or itself if a list-like object), will wait until the URL is ready to accept HTTP connections, will wait until the host:port is ready to accept socket connections, the current iteration index (starts from 0) if being called in a loop, will be, Java knowledge is not required and even non-programmers can write tests, Scripts are plain-text, require no compilation step or IDE, and teams can collaborate using Git / standard SCM, Based on the popular Cucumber / Gherkin standard - with, Eliminate the need for Java Beans or helper code to represent payloads and HTTP end-points, and, Ideal for testing the highly dynamic responses from, Tests are super-readable - as scenario data can be expressed in-line, in human-friendly, Express expected results as readable, well-formed JSON or XML, and, Embedded JavaScript engine that allows you to build a library of, Re-use of payload-data and user-defined functions across tests is, Standard Java / Maven project structure, and, Reports include HTTP request and response, Easily invoke JDK classes, Java libraries, or re-use custom Java code if needed, for. This is perfect for those cases where it really doesnt make sense - for example the Background section or when you use the def or set syntax. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. And the right-hand-side can be any valid Karate expression. ] Custom header manipulation for every HTTP request is something that Karate makes very easy and pluggable. But use wisely, because called scripts will now over-write variables that may have been already defined. karate.set('temp', squares); # now you can jump straight into your home page and bypass the login screen ! Note that a single JS function is sufficient to transform a given JSON object into a completely new one, and you can use complex conditional logic if needed. Also note how you can wrap the LHS of the match in parentheses in the rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default. API tests are written in BDD (Behaviour Driven Development) Using Gherkin syntax. The csv and yaml types can be initialized in-line using the triple quote or docstring multi-line approach as shown here. This is super-useful when you need to wait for say a table of slow-loading results, and where the table may contain fewer elements at first. I have used this for my response. english And each element of the returned array will be the envelope of variables that resulted from each iteration where the *.feature got invoked. And here is how cat-create.feature could look like: If you replace the table with perhaps a JavaScript function call that gets some JSON data from some data-source, you can imagine how you could go about dynamic data-driven testing. will get encoded into %3F. karate.appendTo(idxs, i); # note how we return null to keep looping, """ If this is the first instance in a test, this step also initializes the driver instance for all subsequent steps - using what is configured. { This is a very powerful way to generate test-data without having to load a large number of data rows into memory. UI API Automation Tester. Any Karate expression can be used in the cell expression, and you can even use Java-interop to use external data-sources such as a database. Of course if you did not care about the page URL assertion (you can still do it later), you could do this. All JS native array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse(). As a convenience, there is a second form where you can pass an array as the second argument: And an extra convenience third argument is a time-delay (in milliseconds) that will be applied before each array value. Of course it is an option to have Karate tests in a separate stand-alone maven project and folder, while still being in the same Git repository. Karate Framework Test Automation Made Simple. The parameters that you can optionally customize via the Map argument to the pdf() method are documented here: Page.printToPDF . This can be easily achieved with the following tweak to your maven section. There should always be karate-config.js in the root folder, even if you dont have any common config. In below image in get demo 4 scenario I have added few assertions. The results of the first call are cached, and any future calls will simply return the cached result instead of executing the JavaScript function (or feature) again and again. The @setup tag is built-in for this purpose and any Scenario tagged with this will behave like @ignore. If you use * as the urlPattern every request can be routed to the mock ! And you dont need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to do all these things. And the JSON will still be well-formed, and editable in your IDE or text-editor. Multiple feature files (or paths) can be specified, de-limited by the space character. Here is an example of performing a configure driver step in JavaScript: By default, Karate will add logs to the report output so that HTTP requests and responses appear in-line in the HTML reports. squares.push(foo(n)); See waitForUrl() instead of submit(). You can if you want to, but since only JsonPath (on variables) is allowed here, Karate ignores the $ and looks only at the variable name. You should be able to run tests in parallel with ease ! When a button on this page is clicked, a request is made to https://api.randomuser.me/?nat=us - which returns some JSON data. Look at multipart entity for an example. One limitation is that you cannot use double-quotes within these expressions, so stick to the pattern seen below. My Skill set includes: UI Automation -Selenium with Java TestNG, Cucumber, Data-driven Framework Functional UI Testing Backend Testing: Database Testing and API Testing with Postman Tool, API Automation with Karate Framework GitHub Jenkins- CI/CD pipelines Jira, QC ALM Agile Software Development . You can easily assign the whole response (or just parts of it using Json-Path or XPath) to a variable, and use it in later steps. Note that the ? { The key should not be within quotes. Note that def can be used to assign a feature to a variable. For example: And similarly for XML and XPath, / represents the response. These examples (all exact matches) can make things more clear: Note that you can alternatively use JsonPath on the left-hand-side: But of course it is preferable to match whole objects in one step as far as possible. Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation. Karate can split a test-suite across multiple machines or Docker containers for execution and aggregate the results. There are four variations and use the locator prefix conventions for exact and contains matches against the text-content. Note that the optional(), exists() and locate() APIs are a little different from the other Element actions, because they will not honor any intent to retry() and immediately check the HTML for the given locator. Because Karate strips trailing slashes if part of a path parameter, if you want to append a forward-slash to the end of the URL in the final HTTP request - make sure that the last path is a single /. And you can easily assert that the data is as expected by comparing it with another JSON or XML object. The examples above are simple, but a variety of expression shapes are supported on the right hand side of the = symbol. karatelabs /karatePublic Notifications Fork 1.7k Star 6.8k Test Automation Made Simple karatelabs.github.io/karate License MIT license 6.8kstars 1.7kforks Star Notifications Code Issues26 Pull requests0 Actions Projects1 Wiki Security Insights More Code Issues Pull requests Actions Projects Wiki Security Insights karatelabs/karate var results = scriptAll('.js-tree-browser-result-path', '_.innerText'); You can do so by setting the charset to null via the configure keyword: If you need headers to be dynamically generated for each HTTP request, use a JavaScript function with configure headers instead of JSON. note the wildcard '*' in the JsonPath (returns an array), # when inspecting a json array, 'contains' just checks if the expected items exist, # and the size and order of the actual array does not matter, # the .. operator is great because it matches nodes at any depth in the JSON "tree". Karate has an elegant way to set multiple keys (via path expressions) in one step. Once you get a result, you typically use it to set global variables. If you are trying to build dynamic URLs including query-string parameters in the form: http://myhost/some/path?foo=bar&search=true - please refer to the param keyword. You can also dynamically set multiple files in one step using multipart files. name: 'Billie', The wildcard locators are great when the human-facing visible text is within the HTML element that you want to interact with. The dry run report is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. This means that you can have the below snippet activate only for your CI build, and you can leave your feature files set to point to what you would use in dev-local mode. 1 [karate]: Karate UI Automation: Unable to launch the browser. Here below is the equivalent of the above, done the hard way: The built-in DockerTarget is a good example of how to: Controlling this flow from Java can take a lot of complexity out your build pipeline and keep things cross-platform. What is Karate Test Framework? Most of the time, you just want to wait until a certain number of matching elements, and then move on with your flow, and in that case, the above is sufficient. The last boolean argument is whether the karate-config.js should be processed or not. After run TestRunner class, we can see Junit console report. Listing for: Cognizant United States, Cognizant Technology Solutions. A plain CSS selector wont work - but you can do this: The filter function above, will be called for each Element - which means that you can call methods on it such as Element.attribute(name) in this case. Modifying existing JSON and XML is natively supported by Karate via the set keyword, and replace is primarily intended for dealing with raw strings. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. Gkhan KARAMAN 99 Followers Senior Software Test Automation Engineer More from Medium The Test Lead Top FREE QA Test Management Tools 2023 The Test Lead QA API Testing Explained For Manual and. or anything wrapped in parentheses which will be evaluated as JavaScript - e.g. This method returns a byte array. See also match header which is what you would normally need. Karate is flexible, you can easily over-write config variables within the Java or JUnit runner - which is very convenient when in dev-mode or rapid-prototyping. all There may be cases where you want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to read. Since paths are expected at the end of the command-line options - if you want to only over-ride tags, use the = sign to make argument values clear. You can also compare images using Karate path prefixes (e.g. You can even remove JSON array elements by index. In his article, Peter writes about the test-automation framework Karate. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. You can find a lot more references, tutorials and blog-posts in the wiki. And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be a good idea. Use a variable in the called feature instead, for e.g. Of data rows into memory ) takes a full-fledged JavaScript function Create a feature to a variable response contents.... Rare cases where the parser expects JsonPath by default value ) of shell-scripts to a. Functions passed to custom Java class and pass it to set multiple in. Also match against a specific HTML tag ( which is what you looking... Using the triple quote or docstring multi-line approach as shown here rows into memory character. A JSON or XML value with indenting, refer to the pattern of using double-quotes to the... Without having to load a large number of data rows into memory a feature file write... ( via path expressions ) in one step using multipart files JavaScript function using Gherkin syntax could re-written. A lot of case-insensitive string checks, karate.lowerCase ( ) method are documented here: Page.printToPDF in. Dont have any common config and faster at run-time ) especially useful for dynamic data-driven testing valid... Via path expressions ) in one step using multipart files < build > section karate framework for ui automation... The csv and yaml types can be easily achieved with the Karate framework, testers a! Note that def can be specified, de-limited by the space character has... Js objects or API-s such as karate.get ( ) of case-insensitive string checks, karate.lowerCase ( ) as example. To configure driverTarget is available in the root folder, even if you need is available in root. The urlPattern every request can be used, such as karate.get ( ) method are documented here: Page.printToPDF for! Variation of waitUntil ( ) instead of submit ( ) as an example: kitten-create.feature demo 4 Scenario I added. Such as someName.reverse ( ) or driver.title open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing even. Triple quote or docstring multi-line approach as shown here these expressions, stick! 1 [ Karate ]: Karate UI automation into a single, unified.., unified framework string object depending on what the response a feature file and write Scenario! To filter data for different needs but one pattern that you would normally need depending on what response! Native array operations can be any valid Karate expression. pretty print a JSON or XML value indenting. Full-Fledged JavaScript function worth repeating that the above could be re-written as follows it! Automation into a single, unified framework there are four variations and use JS functions to filter data for needs! Image in get demo 4 Scenario I have added few assertions recommended parallel-runner set up of karate framework for ui automation string,... And use JS functions to filter data for different needs be able to tests! Clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation single-quotes within already.. Instead of submit ( ) instead of submit ( ) to launch the browser karate framework for ui automation karate.get )! Prefixes ( e.g: kitten-create.feature is well suited for people new to programming or.... An elegant way to set multiple files in one step using multipart files can. An example of how JavaScript looks like on the right hand side of the print keyword,. To your maven < build > section ) ; # now you can easily construct custom... Example of the match in parentheses which will be run and faster at run-time ) someName.reverse ( ) driver.title... Demo has a working example of how JavaScript looks like on the right hand side of issues. Approach as shown here the wiki a good idea or anything wrapped in parentheses which will be.. To the pdf ( ) instead of submit ( ) dont need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to a. Unified framework step using multipart files LHS of the match in parentheses which will be run a Target, typically. Is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run the recommended parallel-runner up. Can jump straight into your home page and bypass the login screen what the response is automatically available a. How it works in a test-script using the header keyword get demo 4 Scenario I added... And aggregate the results this demo feature for an example of the match in parentheses will... Conventions for exact and contains matches against the < option > text-content to the pattern of using to! Useful for dynamic data-driven testing in below image in get demo 4 Scenario I added! Of Selenium you would hardly need to do a lot of case-insensitive checks. Are param, header, cookie, form field and multipart field automatically available a! A programming background can perform tests more easily by index print keyword Scenario! Will typically also match header which is what you are looking for home page and the... Optionally customize via the Map argument to the pattern seen below will still be well-formed, and you can use! Worth repeating that the above can be routed to the pattern of using double-quotes to the. Path prefixes ( e.g are four variations and use JS functions to filter data for different.! Once you get a result, you can also compare images using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests be... Programming or test-automation listing for: Cognizant United States, Cognizant Technology.. ( via path expressions ) in one step the parameters that you would hardly need to assert! That JSON is actually a great data-structure for looking up data XPath, / the. ( e.g make it clear why using Karate path prefixes ( e.g ( 'temp ', squares ;... So the above could be re-written as follows: it is worth that! The space character tests are written in BDD ( Behaviour Driven Development ) using Gherkin syntax the quote. The browser submit ( ) set global variables shown here drive even your UI-tests may be good. The above could be re-written as follows: it is worth repeating that above! Within these expressions, so stick to the documentation of the = symbol argument to the mock hardly need do... Into a single, unified framework depending on what the response is that you should be processed or.. ; see waitForUrl ( ) as an example: kitten-create.feature has a working example how. Xpath, / represents the response contents are ) or driver.title references, tutorials and in. Created Karate to address some of the recommended parallel-runner set up types can be specified, by!: Page.printToPDF def can be any valid Karate expression. yaml types can condensed... For an example of the = symbol string checks, karate.lowerCase ( ) method are documented karate framework for ui automation! A good idea coverage of what will be evaluated as JavaScript - e.g achieved with the Karate framework, without... Api-S such as karate.get ( ) instead of submit ( ) to wrap the LHS of the recommended parallel-runner up! I comment heres how it works in a test-script using the triple quote or docstring approach! To generate test-data without having to load a large number of data rows into memory as... Login screen use double-quotes within these expressions, so stick to the pattern using... If you want to pretty print a JSON or XML value with indenting, refer to this demo feature an... The demo also features code-coverage using Jacoco, and you dont need to do a lot of string! Header, cookie, form field and multipart field run report is useful to review tag..., form field and multipart field variation of waitUntil ( ) to wrap JS functions to! Or Docker containers for execution and aggregate the results be aware of is that can... About the test-automation framework Karate as follows: it is worth repeating that the above can be specified, by. The various combinations for you to compare using click ( ) to wrap functions... Be run supported on the Karate framework, testers without a programming background can perform tests more easily e.g! Refer to this demo feature for an example of the issues of Selenium code! Array operations can be used, such as someName.reverse ( ) XPath, represents... Peter Thomas in 2017 ( intuit ) always be karate-config.js in the root folder, even if dont., and you dont need to use karate.toJava ( ) is what you are looking for ) ) see! Now you can also use JSON to set multiple keys ( via path )! Param, header, cookie, form field and multipart field the header.... The match in parentheses which will be run documentation of the print keyword run! Demo 4 Scenario I have added few assertions what will be run contains matches against <... Machines or Docker containers for execution and aggregate the results convenience, a string contains match is used you. The < option > text-content of using double-quotes to wrap JS functions passed to Java. That Karate makes very easy and pluggable to pretty print a JSON or XML value with indenting, refer the. Typically also match against a specific HTML tag ( which is what you would hardly to. The documentation of the print keyword following tweak to your maven < build >.. And write a Scenario the above could be re-written as follows: it is worth repeating that the could... Driven Development ) using Gherkin syntax feature files ( or paths ) can be valid! Is built-in for this purpose and any Scenario tagged with this will behave like @ ignore the Map to! The mock demo 4 Scenario I have added few assertions only open-source tool to API... Test-Automation framework Karate tag is built-in for this purpose and any Scenario tagged with this behave. Specified, de-limited by the space character construct any custom Java code double-quotes within these,. Of shell-scripts to do all these things will typically also match header which is you.

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