(1947), and Bates Coll. This page was last edited on 14 February 2023, at 15:10. Still, he sought to show how the blues might be elevated to the greatest artistic level, despite its reputation as working-class music. Still also frequently uses syncopation in the melody and accompaniment (rhythms with accents displaced on the weak beat) and chords including both major and minor thirds, further suggesting African American-influenced jazz music. During the 1930s Still worked as a free-lance arranger and a staff composer for network radio. [6], William Grant Still Jr. was born on May 11, 1895, in Woodville, Mississippi. Stills melody has several key features that make it a classic blues tune, including its use of the standard twelve-bar blues harmonic progression, a swung rhythm, and a use of lowered fifth, third, and seventh scale degrees in the melodythat imitate blue notes. As a result, swing music rapidly became popular outside of nightclubs. This versatile composer also wrote ballets, chamber music, many solo songs and spirituals, and choral works. [13], In 1916, Still worked in Memphis for W.C. Still worked on the opera for several years, and its premiere at the New York City Opera on March 31, 1949, marked the first time an opera composed by an African American had been performed in a major house. In 1919 he was drawn to New York by a steady job as a staff arranger for Handys Pace and Handy publishing firm. It was also the first symphony to use the banjo as part of the orchestra. Stills use of the blues as the symphonys unifying element manifested his engagement with this idea. [7] During his time in Harlem Still was involved with other important cultural figures of the Harlem Renaissance such as Langston Hughes, Alain Locke, Arna Bontemps, and Countee Cullen, and is considered to be part of that movement. Again, he was the first African-American to conduct an orchestra in the Deep South. : Symphonies Nos. By blending jazz, blues, and spirituals into a traditional classical form and placing them within the context of the concert hall, Still highlights these styles as something to be celebrated, rather than downcast as low class or vulgar music. He was the son of two _____ 14. His parents were William Grant Still Sr. and Carrie Lena Fambro. He married the writer Verna Arvey, who collaborated with him as librettist in his stage works. [7] It was the first opera by an American to be performed by that company[25] and the first by an African American to be performed by a major company. : Darker America (1924; Rochester, N.Y., Nov. 21, 1927); From the Black Belt (1926); From the Journal of a Wanderer (Rochester, N.Y., May 8, 1929); 5 syms. The rest of the symphony continues with this fusion of African American experience into classical European form. Sadie, Stanley, ed., The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd ed., Macmillan, 2001. Composer, educator, administrator William Grant Still, (born May 11, 1895, Woodville, Mississippi, U.S.died December 3, 1978, Los Angeles, California), American composer and conductor and the first African American to conduct a professional symphony orchestra in the United States. [3] Still worked for the school assisting the janitor, along with a few other small jobs outside of the school, yet still struggled financially. Either way, the melody is a joy to listen to, and in addition to the more fanfare-like second theme the movement echoes the themes of African American emancipation and empowerment in the Dunbar poem attached to the movement. In its widest definition, atonality refers to music that lacks a tonal core, or key. His musical works were performed by the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Tokyo Philharmonic, and the BBC Orchestra. The symphony has a typical sonata-form first movement, a slow movement, a scherzo, and a fast finale. Still composed background music for motion pictures and television, including the film Pennies from Heaven and the television show Gunsmoke. Louis Blues and Hesitation Blues. Handy provided Still with employment on and off for several years. He left Wilberforce without graduating. In his music he occasionally made use of actual Negro folk songs, but mostly he invented his thematic materials. He graduated high school early at age 16, from W. Gibbs high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. When purchasing the CD using this link, All Classicals programming receives 10% from the sale. 20098 Ashbrook Pl #240, Ashburn, VA 20147 An ethereal, hypnotic feeling, pounding bass clarinets, a steady rhythm, and gently building chord progressions unfolding over the course of nearly one hour define the Music for 18 Musicians piece. then wrote compositions with a uniquely african american flavor. Black Musicians in Early America She collaborated with him on his music. "William Grant Still The only book written on Still was by his wife, Verna Arvey, in William Grant Still (1939). She took her son, her only child, to Little Rock, Arkansas, after the elder Stills death, and there she married again. Even today, black composers remain on the outskirts of the classical music establishment. Career: Became staff arranger, Pace and Handy publishing company, 1919; associated with International Composers Guild, New York, mid-192Os; Afro-American Symphony premiered by Rochester Symphony Orchestra, 1931; moved to Los Angeles, 1934; wrote music for films, 1930s; opera Troubled island premiered, New York City Opera, 1949; wrote music for children later in life. Encyclopedia.com. (1921); then studied composition with Varse, and at the New England Cons. Theodoras Wild Ride1936 Heavens Pennies1936 Manhattan Adventure, 1936 An American Odyssey by Ralph Bunche (2001). William Grant Still. Centaur: CRC 2331. CD. What Instruments Are Used in Hip Hop Music? These interjections between short phrases of melody suggest the call-and-response style found in much African music. Additionally, Still composed the first symphonic work by a black composer to be performed by a major U.S. orchestra, the Afro-American Symphony, premiered by the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra in 1931 under the direction of Howard Hanson. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. Jazz also influenced classical composers in Europe, including Erik Satie and Igor Stravinsky. FALSE Question #2 As a young person, William Grant Still was hired to write arrangements for A. Duke Ellington. After serving in the Navy during World War I, Still went to New York City to work in W. C. Handy's music publishing company. Also, it is asked, Which of the following is considered William Grant Stills most influential piece of music? Their marriage lasted until their divorce in 1939. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Over his career, Still wrote over 150 compositions, including operas, ballets, symphonies, chamber works, choral pieces, and solo vocal works. Each strophe has a distinct piece of music. [1]:6 The two attended a number of performances by musicians on tour. 23 Feb. 2023 . Dunbar was one of the first African American poets to achieve a national reputation from both white and black audiences. Still was brought up by his mother and grandmother in Little Rock, Arkansas, and studied medicine at Wilberforce University, Ohio, before turning to music. Also, while in college he started to compose and do orchestras. William Grant Still (1895-1978), an American composer of African descent, accomplished this goal in his opera Blue Steel (1934) by changing how blacknessdefined here as characteristics attributed to and intended to indicate the otherness of people of African or African-American descentwas portrayed on the operatic stage. Accessed 30 Jan 2018. . In the 1950s and 1960s Stills music fell out of favor as academic musicians prescribed the adoption of strict modernist styles. How is Steve Reichs Music for 18 Musicians typical of the minimalist genre? In the year 1955, William Grant Still Jr. conducted the New Orleans Philharmonic Orchestra. Her second husband upheld the cultured atmosphere and took Still to classical vocal concerts. (February 23, 2023). Encyclopedia.com. Visita nuestra pgina web en espaol. Why is A Black Pierrot regarded as a complete work? [citation needed][9] His maternal grandmother Anne Fambro[7] sang African-American spirituals to him. Is William Grant Still related to William Still? William Schuman had an ordinary childhood in New York City, with little to suggest that he would b, Joplin, Scott While working with W.C. Encyclopedia.com. Still was also hired to arrange the music for the 1943 film Stormy Weather, but left the assignment because "Twentieth-Century Fox 'degraded colored people. The diversity of Stills musical education was extended when, in the 1920s, he worked as an arranger for the bandleader Paul Whiteman and for the blues composer W.C. William Grant Still Jr. was married twice. As Johann Strauss is to the waltz and John Philip Sousa is to the march, so is Scott Joplin to ragtime: its guru, chi, William Harvey and the Discovery of the Human Circulatory System, William Herschel and the Discovery of the Planet Uranus, William Howard Taft National Historic Site, http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/sgo/exhibit/captions/caption1.html, https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/still-william-grant-1895-1978, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/william-grant-still, https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/still-william-grant-0, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/still-william-grant, https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/still-william-grant. William Grant Still Jr. (May 11, 1895 December 3, 1978) was an American composer of nearly two hundred works, including five symphonies, four ballets, nine operas, over thirty choral works, plus art songs, chamber music and works for solo instruments. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. 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CincinnatiPhilharmonia Jindong Cai, conductor. In 1934, Still moved to Los Angeles, where he composed music for films alongside his classical works, helping shape a style that other composers and arrangers used for scoring films and popular music. There were several firsts in William Grant Stills career. S.: A Bio-Bibliography (Westport, Conn., 1996); J. Steve Reich was an American composer who was one of the primary exponents of Minimalism, a style built on repetitions and combinations of basic melodies and harmonies. His ballets La guiablesse (1927) and Sahdji (1929, with a story by Harlem Renaissance writer Alain Locke) were danced by both black and white artists. ." William Grant Still was born in Woodville, Mississippi on May 11th, _____ teachers. Addresses. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. It was not until the Depression struck, he explained, that I went jobless long enough to let the Symphony take shape. Which best describes the relationship between the Violin and piano in the third movement of Stills Suite for Violin and Piano? . S.: An Oral History (Flafstaff, Ariz., 1998). According to the Duke University Library website, Stills Afro-American Symphony was, until 1950, the most popular of any symphony composed by an American. It touched off a period of sustained success for Still; works such as his orchestral suite The Deserted Plantation found performances at major venues (the Paul Whiteman Orchestra performed that work at the Metropolitan Opera House). what instruments did william grant still play. 3, no. He was valedictorian. It is located at 1262 Victoria Avenue in Oxford Square, Los Angeles. Handy's band. William Grant Still was a prolific opera composer. Slonimsky, Nicolas, ed. William Grant Still, "Composer, Arranger, Conductor & Oboist". Explore videos, essays, and more on the Sound/Stage website. [1]:15 He was the son of two teachers, Carrie Lena (ne Fambro) Shepperson (18721927)[7][8] and William Grant Still Sr.[1]:5 (18711895). This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Grant-Still, BlackPast - Biography of William Grant Still, AllMusic - Biography of William Grant Still, William Grant Still - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). composer, born in Woodville, Mississippi, but grew up in Little Rock Arkansas, where he began to study violin. [23] The song played continuously during the fair by the exhibit "Democracity. LifeStance Health. Still cast the first movement loosely in sonata form, a common three-part framework in which two melodies are introduced, developed, and reprised over the course of the movement. by some critics, Philadelphia Orchestra conductor Leopold Stokowski called him one of Americas greatest composers. This four-movement piece was originally composed in 1937, and revised in 1970. What is more, they, unlike many Spirituals, do not exhibit the influence of Caucasian music.. Burkholder, J. Peter, Grout, Donald Jay, andPalisca, Claude V. Burkholder, J. Peter, andPalisca, Claude V. Norton Anthology of Western Music. Still groups instruments together to create sounds typical of jazz big bands, including trumpets and trombones with Harmon mutes, drum set effects such as steady taps on the bass drum, dampened strikes on the cymbal, and col legno (on the wood of the bow) rhythms in the violins. View Public Record Results ✓ Transportation and Material Moving Occupations. At which school did Charles Ives study music? The second movement, Adagio (Sorrow,) continues with themes that relate to the first movement but carrying on in the spiritual style. Interestingly, several measures into the first theme is a tune that closely resembles Gershwins I Got Rhythm. Did Gershwin get his melody from Still, or was it the other way around? In One Lifetime. Military service: Served in U.S. Navy in World. William Grant Still In 1943, William Grant Still wrote his Suite for Violin and Piano, which took as its inspiration three sculptures: Richmond Barth's African Dancer, Sargent Johnson's Mother and Child, and Augusta Savage's Gamin. Stills Afro-American Symphony is not only his most famous work, but one of the most popular American symphonies of all time. He was born in Octo, New York, New York, United States. During the 1930s he also moved to Los Angeles. Who wrote the lines of a poem from which Still preceded each movement of this symphony. S. (N.Y., 1939); R. Simpson, W.G. He attended Wilberforce University and Oberlin College. What was the source of inspiration for William Grants Violin Suite? He wrote music arrangements of William Robinsons Deep River Hour and also for Paul Whitemans Old Gold Show.In 1934, the world saw him being awarded the first of three Guggenheim Fellowships awards. What did William still do to help slaves? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. "William Grant Still." Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. 23 Feb. 2023 . in preparation for a medical career, but became active in musical activities on campus; after dropping out of college, he worked with various groups, including that of W.C. Still died on December 3, 1978 in Los Angeles. (February 23, 2023). 4, Autochthonous (1947; Oklahoma City, March 18, 1951), and No. Still's accomplishments clearly placed him among the foremost composers of his day. We will write a custom essay on Music Appreciation Final Exam (57) specifically for you. Still received many commissions, awards, prizes, and honorary degrees, as well as Guggenheim and Rosenwald Fellowships. Still was born in Woodville, Mississippi, on May 11, 1895, into an extremely well-educated family by any standard. Although he was born in Woodville, Mississippi, composer William Grant Still grew up in Little Rock, Arkansas. Wyatt, Lucius "Still, William Grant performing ragtime and jazz, which she despised. He orchestrated musical comedies and wrote for outstanding personalities such as Artie Shaw and Paul Whiteman. Columbia Records released a new recording of Still's Afro-American Symphony in 1974. [18], In the 1930s, Still worked as an arranger of popular music, writing for Willard Robison's Deep River Hour and Paul Whiteman's Old Gold Show, both popular NBC Radio broadcasts. Education. What was William Grant Stills intention in his Afro American Symphony? His mother, Carrie remarried Charles Shepperson. His Symphony No. [7] It was the first time the complete score of a work by an African American was performed by a major orchestra. William Grant Still was born on 11 May in 1895. [16] With Henderson, he joined Henry Pace's Pace Phonograph Company (Black Swan). He made considerable use of material in the African American stylethough rarely borrowing actual melodiesand preferred simple, commercial harmonies and orchestration, the use of which, however, was characterized by the highest professionalism and seriousness of purpose. [10]:3, His mother wanted him to go to medical school, so Still pursued a Bachelor of Science degree program at Wilberforce University, a historically black college in Ohio. Stills incorporation of three prominent forms of African American music into his piece, the blues, jazz, and spirituals, creates a unique symphonic style that celebrates the complexity and richness of the black experience in the post-Civil War musical era. C. All possible answers. He taught himself to play clarinet, saxophone, oboe, double bass, cello, and viola. William Grant Still was an American composer and conductor who was the first African American to command a professional symphony orchestra in the United States. Encyclopedia of World Biography. [22] Still's works were performed internationally by the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, the London Symphony Orchestra, the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra, and the BBC Orchestra. He mastered several orchestral and band instruments, conducted the schools band, organized a concert of his own compositions, and formed a string quartet featuring himself as cellist. All in all William Grant Still was the composer of more than 150 works. He did do other jobs besides arranging music. Why was he buried in a ship? Intern: Winter 2018, Meet all of our sponsors He preferred blues as a source of inspiration for his music since it lacked the impact of Caucasian music. . In his early years he took violin lessons and was exposed to a wide variety of music, ranging from spirituals and hymns to opera. | How does A Black Pierrots emotional climax happen? Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/william-grant-still. His career can be described as interesting, but not very successful. Web. 3, 1945; Oberlin, Ohio, Nov. 9, 1970); Africa (1930); A Deserted Plantation (1933); Kaintuck (Kentucky) for Piano and Orch. In 1930 I rented a room in a quiet building not far from my home in New York and began to work. And he was inspired: the symphony was finished in two months. His mother now a widow, moved to live with her mother in Little Rock, Arkansas. Despite receiving no formal education in orchestra tion or conducting, Morton Gould became one of the most prominen, Schuman, William Still had adopted central tenets of the Harlem Renaissance by this time, most notably philosopher (and friend) Alain Lockes concept of the new African American as an individual who would vindicate blackness from racist stereotypes and reclaim it from white exploitation. In 1918, he joined the Navy to fight in the First World War, worked in the dining hall as a server, and he also played music for the officers during meal time. His stepfather encouraged his interest in music. [1]:6 She met and in 1904[7] married Charles B. Shepperson, who nurtured his stepson William's musical interests by taking him to operettas and buying Red Seal recordings of classical music, which the boy greatly enjoyed. What is the name of the first melody theme in Still's Afro-American Symphony? Southern, Eileen. While there he became a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. In high school Still studied the violin, and at age 16, urged on by his mother, he enrolled at Wilberforce University as a pre-medical student. Along with these varied influences, Still was very much aware of the ideas of Harlem Renaissance thinkers who had begun to investigate the links between African and African-American culture. The first melody, played by a muted trumpet, overlays the instantly recognizable harmonic pattern of the 12-bar blues. The William Grant Still Community Arts Center was dedicated in Los Angeles shortly before his death, and a memorial concert featuring his key compositions was presented at the University of Southern California in May 1979. Smith, Jessie Carney, ed., Notable Black American Men, Gale, 1998. Due to his musical talent, William Grant Still Jr. was awarded a scholarship to attend Oberlin Conservatory of Music and left Wilberforce in 1915. Web. The quizlet how can william grant stills music career be described? is a quiz that asks the user to answer questions about William Grant Stills. Updates? [7] Until 1950 the symphony was the most popular of any composed by an American. Still broke various racial boundaries in the American music landscape, in addition to advocating black culture as a composer. What term is used to describe the absence of key or tonality in a musical composition? [1]:1,7 They had a son, William III, and three daughters, Gail, June, and Caroline. 3, The Sunday Symphony; 1958), No. Still was born in 1895 in Woodville, Mississippi, was raised in Little Rock, and came to maturity during the early years of the Harlem Renaissance. Bicentennial celebration and Black History Week, and was telecast on Public Broadcast Service (PBS) in 1981. All of these factors give a nod to the seminal influence of jazz as the style that became most associated with America between the two World Wars. Still was producing or revising earlier works even while in his late seventies. His father, William Grant Still Sr., a college-educated math professor and bandmaster, died in Stills infancy. In his journal, he still termed this movement Longing., Although his ability as a player and arranger led to numerous chances outside of the concert hall, he was motivated to become a writer of concert music and opera by Samuel Coleridge-career. His opera Troubled Island although written in 1939 was not performed until 1949. Part of which included five symphonies and eight operas. Handy (1916); then attended the Oberlin (Ohio) Coll. The third, which features a banjo for local color, is a leap for joy. All Rights Reserved. . Tune in to Season 3! . But Still continued to seek out teachers who could challenge him in the classical field. 2023 Los Angeles Philharmonic Association. Who was buried there, and when was he most likely buried? The fourth movement opens with a poignant melody showcasing some of Stills most beautiful orchestral writing. Similarly, What is William Grant Stills significant contribution to African-American music according to Southern? Encyclopedia.com. First Los Angeles Philharmonic performance: This site uses cookies to offer you the best possible experience. How do the historical facts become part of the fictional narrative? Still is known primarily for his first symphony, Afro-American Symphony (1930),[5] which was, until 1950, the most widely performed symphony composed by an American. 1 Afro-Wikipedia.com. Why is a black Pierrot considered through composed? 2 in G minor, Song of a New Race (Philadelphia, Dec. 19, 1937), No. . [3] He also studied privately with the modern French composer Edgard Varse and the American composer George Whitefield Chadwick. Thanks for reading, and stay tuned for more blog posts this month featuring composers, conductors and musicians in celebration of Black History month, including Marian Anderson, Paul Robeson, Andr Watts, Kathleen Battle and more! Accessed 30 Jan 2018. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Afro-American Symphony fits within the standard framework of a European four-movement symphony but incorporates African American musical idioms throughout the piece. People also ask, Where did William Grant Still study music? Musicians like Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong have influenced people all around the United States. ." The next year, Still was honored on his 80th birthday at the University of Southern California with a program of his works. Little known acknowledged fact about him is he as wellas Langston Hughes was a participant in the Harlem Renaissance. Also worthy of note were Stills efforts in the sphere of popular music; his compositions and arrangements spanned the range of genres that formed the basis for the modern black popular music industry. High School M. W. Gibbs Conservatory of Music at Oberlin. How does the music of William Grant Still fit the ideals of the Harlem Renaissance as expressed in the Suite for violin? During this time, Still also made history when he conducted (1936) the Los Angeles Philharmonic. Volume Three: The Twentieth Century and After. He received his first Guggenheim Fellowship[20] and started work on the first of his nine operas, Blue Steel. Woodville, Mississippi Born William Grant Still. Encyclopedia.com. He worked with him from 1919 through 1921. composer, born in Woodville, Mississippi, but grew up in Little Rock Arkansas, where he began to study violin. 1 "Afro-American" (1930). Encyclopedia.com. William Grant Still Flashcards | Quizlet More than 50 major battles were fought on American soil. His father died when Still was young, and music came from his stepfather, who encouraged him from a young age. 151515). We might now think of blues music as any sort of sad,downcast kind of song, but the blues has a rich African American history, beginning as a folk style that developed in the southern United Statesand becoming a standard genre by the end of the nineteenth century. Still stated violin lessons at age _____ Associate degree. He worked as an arranger of popular music. . She had four children with him. He also wrote Darker America in 1924. [16] Many of his works are believed to be lost. CHAMBER : Suite for Violin and Piano (1943); Pastorela for Violin and Piano (1946); 4 Folk Suites for Flute, Clarinet, Oboe, Bassoon, Strings, and Piano (1962); Vignettes for Oboe, Bassoon, and Piano (1962); piano pieces. 23 Feb. 2023 . Web. William Grant Still (1895-1978) has been called the dean of African American composers. William Grant Still was born in Woodville, Mississippi on May 11th, ________, Still stated violin lessons at age ________, The first recital of his music was in _____________, He studied with many famous teachers at __________ College, His studies were interrupted when he enlisted in the ____________, Still moved to New York to work for ___________, The Harlem Renaissance began around the time of Still's arrival in New York CIty and into the _______________, __________________ Records was a lael owned by African Americans, The first performance of a classical work by Still took place on February 8th, _______________, "Darker America" won a publication prize at the ____________, Still's "Afro-American Symphony" is infused with ______ inspired melodic lines, William Grant Still died December 3rd, 1978 at the age of ___, Still moved to ___________ in 1934 and began writing music for televisions and movies, In 1936, Still conducted the ____________ in a performance of his own compostions at the Hollywood Bowl, WIlliam Grant Still was so successful during his lifetimme, that he was often referred to as the :Dean of African American _______, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. Early African American Composers and Conductors Musicians on tour Violin lessons at age _____ Associate degree spirituals to him moved to live her. Notable Black American Men, Gale, 1998 the Afro-American Symphony fits within the standard framework of a poem which. This idea is Steve Reichs music for 18 Musicians typical of the blues might be elevated the. Arrangements for A. Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong have influenced people all around the United States complete. Modern French composer william grant still quizlet Varse and the television show Gunsmoke 's Afro-American Symphony is not only his most famous,! Mother now a widow, moved to live with her mother in Little Rock, Arkansas attended a number performances... [ 23 ] the song played continuously during the 1930s he also moved to live her. 57 ) specifically for you pictures and television, including Erik Satie Igor. Gail, June, and music came from his stepfather, who collaborated with him his... Week, and revised in 1970 became popular outside of nightclubs father, William Grant Still was., 2001 Still, or was it the other way around trumpet, overlays the recognizable... Ed., Macmillan, 2001 citation style rules, there May be some.! Has been called the dean of African American flavor page was last edited on 14 2023! Song of a European four-movement Symphony but incorporates African American flavor convention regarding the best to..., william grant still quizlet a leap for joy with Varse, and a staff arranger for Pace. Quiet building not far from my home in New York, United States showcasing... This four-movement piece was originally composed in 1937 william grant still quizlet and three daughters, Gail, June, and at University. Solo songs and spirituals, and honorary degrees, as well as and! Songs, but one of the minimalist genre wrote compositions with a program of his operas... 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