d.) Students reflect on, gather evidence for, and discuss the unit writing prompt in its entirety. The project's staff believed that most commercial radio broadcasts of the day were dominated by programs created in the great urban centers and that these programs failed to reflect regional culture, local talent, and, in particular, the voices of the people speaking in their own words. "Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive scale. Why do you think Roosevelt compared the Germans to gangsters? To show unity among world powers National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880, Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945. "As a business owner, I had to begin to deduct a federal income tax from my employees' paychecks. B. After World War II began in 1939, the State Department cautioned consular officials to exercise particular care in screening applicants: "In view of the international situation, it is essential that all aliens seeking admission into the United States, including both immigrants and nonimmigrants be examined with the greatest care. Visa applicants were required to submit moral affidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. After the United States entered World War II, Facing History and Ourselves, "The United States Enters World War II," last updated May 2, 2022. B. the Munich Pact The so-called Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles in 1943 were a result of A. "We arranged sit-ins and other protests around Washington, D.C., as a part of our Double V Campaign." To protect Soviet troops in France. Unit 3 Challenge Questions/ The United States, Sophia U.S. History 2 Unit 4 Milestone Study, Sophia.org U.S. History II - UNIT 4 - CHALLEN, Vulnerability Scans, Security and Controls, Sophia.org U.S. History II - FINAL MILESTONE, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment. The United States had the world's largest military force. Developed specifically for educators in Jewish settings, these lessons lead middle and high school students through an examination of the Holocaust from a historical perspective and consider what this particular history has to do with what it means to be Jewish. A second set of recordings, in which the interviewees were asked to address their thoughts and opinions on the attack and the declaration of war directly to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was made under the auspices of the Office of Emergency Management in January and February 1942. Did not destroy all ships/ C) chairman of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights Example directobject\underline{\color{#c34632}{direct~ object}}directobject 1. C. This request resulted in approximately four and one half hours of recordings that were used to create a fifteen-minute radio program for the Mutual Broadcasting System. give each member state an equal say in world affairs. A. D. General Marshall was too valuable to remove from his position as Army Chief of Staff. ", d.) C) almost one third The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced legislation in both houses of Congress that would allow 20,000 German refugee children under the age of 14 into the country over two years outside of the immigration quotas. Civil rights march on Wash[ington], D.C. / [WKL]. Why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi reign will end? c.) B) the prosecution of Nazi war criminals in the Nuremberg Trials B. boost the morale of troops by sending popular entertainers overseas. What ultimately prevented the Nazis from conquering Great Britain in 1940? Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.Most were neutral at the beginning, but only a relatively few nations remained neutral to the end. a.) A) the war in Europe was over. B. less denouncement B) join political organizations. B. A. gain control of the Hawaiian Islands. C) the independence of former British colonies in the Middle East He feared it would leave Britain vulnerable to a deadly German counter-offensive. D. C. defend New York City against a nuclear attack. D) 290,000 people. The experience of World War I had a . b.) D. WACs did important jobs, including driving trucks and clerical work, for the United States Army. A. d.) ____________________ Petra prefers water-skiing and is quite good at it. (This happened just as the systematic, mass murder of the Jews began with the German invasion of the Soviet Union.) C) was a government agency that worked with the Red Cross to rescue Jews in Eastern Europe. Facing History & Ourselves uses lessons of history to challenge teachers and their students to stand up to bigotry and hate. B. Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. A. Wallace would later become a crucial part of the US Navy, and serve as a Corpsman in the Pacific Theater. How does Donne's tone in this meditation support the point he is trying to make? He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. C) the Allies invaded Germany from Denmark and Sweden. A) United States revealed its plan to use the atomic bomb. It would be difficult to make them surrender. B. C. This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. The United States responded in kind, and therefore entered World War II. Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. B) membership of the U.N. Security Council was determined. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the US. A. Isolationists thought aid would bring us into war; interventionists thought aid would keep us out of the war. Insisting that a penny saved is a penny earned, Benjamin Franklin was well known for his___ ways. After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. For this reason, the Library has edited the Washington, D.C., audiotapes and transcripts to remove interviewee names. C) destroy the nation of Japan. Why did the US join the Second World war in 1941? When World War I broke out across Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the United States would remain neutral, and many Americans supported . What event led to the House and Senate voting to declare war? As a consequence, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American women became more aggressive in trying to win their full freedoms and civil rights as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution during the postwar era. After the war, the United States and the international community used a series of directives, organizations, and laws to help displaced European refugees, including Holocaust survivors, immigrate to new countries. Immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, needed for US labor, were non-quota arrivals, exempted from the quota system. Why did the Allies decide to wage a campaign in North Africa rather than the European mainland? B. to force Japan into fighting a two-front war and gain strategic positions from which to attack D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. These recordings total approximately seven and one half hours and were also used to create a radio program, entitled "Dear Mr. President," which was broadcast in May 1942. A. By the time the United States entered World War II, it had already been providing aid to areas threatened by Axis powers. A) the end of the Great Depression. The United States will probably no longer make aircraft, weapons, and transport available to England so carelessly, as it can be assumed that they will need these for their own war against Japan. D. Soldiers began to come home and find peacetime jobs. General Bradley had less experience in launching amphibious attacks. Truman particularly criticized the fact that the bill restricted eligibility to people who had entered Germany, Austria, or Italy prior to December 22, 1945, effectively discriminating against Jewish displaced persons, many of whom had been in the Soviet zone of occupation and only traveled to western Europe later. The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . D. Many Americans believed the Soviet Union posed a greater threat than the Nazis or the Japanese. C. B. In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. a.) Included in this presentation are Pete Seeger's "Dear Mr. President" and "The Martins and Coys.". Rhetoric refers to the art of using words effectively to communicate. "I was outraged when the government nationalized my business and forced us to produce war material." How long did it take for the value of U.S. imports to double after World War II? By capturing nearby islands, the U.S. could install military bases to keep Japan in check. In 1951, the United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations. Japan targeted civilian populations when they dropped bombs on the Allied Powers. A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. The Tuskegee Airmen were Before a Joint Session of Congress on December 8, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called the attack "a date which will live in . B) the course of the war turned in favor of the Axis Powers. What is gangsterism? Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States for the majority of this time, from 1933 to 1945. The new law reflected anti-Catholic, antisemitic sentiment in the country. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. b.) D. universal education. designated certain areas as war zones. D. ensure cooperation between the major powers of the world. B) Many Americans feared the effect of refugees on the strained job market. They needed to wrest control of the Suez Canal and the oilfields in the Middle East from Italy first. "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. it bought U.S. forces more time to focus on the war in Europe. This led to so-called midnight races, where passenger ships raced to reach the United States as soon as possible at the beginning of each month, when new portions of the quota were opened. World War II is also known as the Second World War and it was a period of intense conflict which officially started on the 1st of September, 1939 and ended on the 2nd of September 1945. We expect to eliminate the danger from Japan, but it would serve us ill if we accomplished that and found that the rest of the world was dominated by Hitler and Mussolini. "I thought the government should have adopted deficit spending during the war instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." Why was Roosevelt's "Quarantine" speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time? To invade and occupy Italy Pete Seeger playing banjo, 1948. Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a, Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the, The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced. B) the end of World War II. ", c.) On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, inflicting heavy casualties and severe damage to the United States naval forces anchored there. Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, a world which still seemed to have no place for them. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. The entry of the United States into World War II caused vast changes in virtually every aspect of American life. Battle of the Atlantic: September 3, 1939 to May 8, 1945. B. separate the League of Nations. The Act, which authorized 200,000 displaced persons to enter the United States, mortgaged the still-extant 1924 immigration quotas, allowing up to 50% of future quota spaces to be used on behalf of displaced persons, with few exceptions. A) They were still unaware of the death camps' existence at that point. B) more than one half C. He wanted to keep the other Allies busy so he could divide Eastern Europe as he saw fit. "The government issued a defense contract with our company, but we were not guaranteed a profit." Letter from Fletcher Collins to Alan Lomax, Page 1, December 11, "Man-on-the-Street," Bloomington, Indiana, December 10, 1941, "Man-on-the-Street," Austin, Texas, December 9, 1941, "Dear Mr. President," Tucson, Arizona, January or February 1942. d.) Based on this graph and your knowledge of history, the growth in U.S. employment was sparked by A large number of African Americans left there to work in shipyards on the West Coast. dividing power in Germany amongst the Allied Powers a.) What major advantage did the United States possess over the Soviet Union following the war? C. He created the American Red Cross to assist soldiers and their families. The main idea behind the United Nations was to After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. By June 1948 Truman had pushed for some sort of legislation on behalf of displaced persons for at least eighteen months. "Despite wartime mobilization, we continued to feel the negative effects of the Great Depression. They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. After the Day of Infamy: "Man-on-the-Street" Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor. his decisive victory at the Battle of Guadalcanal. D) Germany was forced to fight a war on two fronts. On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. A) punish Japan for carrying on the war. How did the countrys reasons for fighting the war, as articulated by Roosevelt, differ from those of Germany. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention, but did sign the 1967 United Nations Refugee Protocol, which removed those geographical and time limitations. A. American neutrality in the first years of the war in Europe. According to Truman, his main goal in deciding to use the atomic bomb was to It was difficult for him to gauge where the Allies would strike next. D. a German airborne force who rescued Mussolini from a mountaintop fortress in Italy. The photographs and graphs in this gallery support the conclusion that D.France and Britain sent troops to defend Poland. D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. With President Trumans encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. . A. a pact signed by Great Britain and the United States that endorsed certain principles for building a lasting peace and establishing free governments in the world After the United States entered World War II: a) Americans saw little military action for the first few months of 1942. b) Americans immediately won several key battles. B) the coup which put Hitler into power in 1933. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. After the United States entered World War II, A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. C) the creation of the International Monetary Fund. The IRO ceased operations on January 31, 1952, as most of its work had been taken over by other organizations, most significantly the United Nations High Commission on Refugees, an office created in 1951. D. supreme. It is actual collaboration so well calculated that all the continents of the world, and all the oceans, are now considered by the Axis strategists as one gigantic battlefield. World War II was just six years long but surprisingly, it had two presidents ruling the United States during its course. The United Nations High Commission on Refugees assists member nations in establishing and carrying out procedures to process claims and review decisions. "The federal government encouraged us to continue producing consumer goods to keep American citizens happy. "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage." a.) In 1948, President Truman demonstrated major support for the Jewish cause by How did the Nazi regime differ most from the Japanese government in the 1930s? B. the Tripartite Pact ", b.) Lend-lease was the term popularly given to the US policy of extending material aid to the Allies before and after the United States entered World War II. World War I was the deadliest conflict until that point in human history, claiming tens of millions of casualties on all sides. And what we all have learned is this: There is no such thing as security for any Nationor any individualin a world ruled by the principles of gangsterism. strategically bombing Germany's major industrial centers. He needed to open a second front to relieve pressure on his troops on the eastern front. B) World War I and World War II In exchange, refugees must abide by the laws and regulations of the country of asylum. C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. The United States declares war against Japan. World War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. It is our obligation to our deadit is our sacred obligation to their children and to our childrenthat we must never forget what we have learned. C. Native Americans recruited from nearby reservations in New Mexico. The Battle of Midway is considered one of the major turning points of the war because D. Aggressive, What was the effect of this reaction on the aggressors? The Act, which authorized 200,000 displaced persons to enter the United States, "mortgaged" the still-extant . d.) purchasing government war bonds. C. stable government D. He issued an order to desegregate the military. C. Americans suffered heavy losses at Pearl Harbor. The US military was not prepared to fight a global war in 1941. "Because taxes on income were lowered for the middle class, the wealthy, like my family, bore the brunt of funding the war effort. What did the existence of kamikaze pilots reveal about the Japanese military? B) setting up a National Holocaust Museum. forcing Italy to surrender and change sides. How were the Allies able to keep the planned invasion at Normandy a secret from the Nazis? When did the United States enter World War II? C. More expansion In his 1947 State of the Union, Truman stated, We are dealing with a human problem, a world tragedy. In his 1948 State of the Union, he argued for suitable legislation at once so that this nation may do its share in caring for homeless and suffering refugees of all faiths. After the war, the United States A. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China. D.Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war first. In his address to the Reichstag, Hitler said: If it is the will of Providence that the German people not be spared this struggle, then I will be grateful to Providence for having appointed me leader in a historic contest, which for the next five hundred or one thousand years, will decisively affect not only German history but also the history of Europe, and indeed all of mankind. A. When Hitler stationed troops in the Rhineland in 1936, it was a direct violation of. 2. C.It endorsed national self-determination for the post-war world. With President Truman's encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. d.) C. The most pressing threat, the Allieds decided in the beginning, was Hitler's Germany. The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of . Consistent with overall anti-immigrant sentiments in the country, the State Department viewed the quotas as limits, rather than goals, and did not seek to fill the quotas. What were some similarities between racism in Nazi Germany and in the United States, 1920s-1940s? Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a prewar Jewish population of 3.5 million, had a quota of 6,524, and Romania, with a Jewish population of nearly a million, had a quota of 377. B. avenging the attack on Pearl Harbor The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific . A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech A. Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. "Corporations and business owners used the assembly line to tackle production on a massive scale. The Second World War pitted two alliances against each other, the Axis powers and the Allied powers; the Soviet Union served 34 million men and women, Germany 18 million, the U.S 16 million, Japan 9 million, and Great Britain 6 million. b.) The United Nations Refugee Protocol of 1967 established the current international norms for defining and dealing with refugees, and 146 countries, including the United States, have signed this protocol. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. holding free elections in Eastern Europe after the war. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. On April 30, 1945, Adolf Hitler C. b.) Place the events related to World War II in the correct sequence, following the signing of a mutual defense treaty by Japan and Germany. "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract." World War II changed both the type of work women did and the volume at which they did it. They felt that Germany posed the greatest long-term threat to all parties involved. Negative A) segregated Jews at every level of German society. B. the enforced rationing of consumer goods. U.S. code breakers had intercepted the Japanese plans. A) The United States did not want to worsen diplomatic relations with the Nazis. The Senate passed a bill on June 2, 1948, the House passed another on June 11, and a hurried compromise ensued, finally reaching the president on the final day of the congressional session. Invite students to reflect on why it matters who tells our stories as they view a documentary film about the profound courage and resistance of the Oyneg Shabes in the Warsaw ghetto. More colleges and universities were built in the United States. Why did the Allies refuse to bomb railway lines to the Nazi death camps? B. "As the war continued, the supply of weaponry became greater than demand and prices fell." They were the largest population centers in Japan. B. How did the bombing of Pearl Harbor lead to the entry of the United States into a war against Germany? published this 12-page pamphlet after the U.S. had entered World War II. He said, in part: The course that Japan has followed for the past ten years in Asia has paralleled the course of Hitler and Mussolini in Europe and in Africa. D. B) She thinks suffering always comes to a close. He believed a joint offensive with the Soviets through Eastern Europe would be far more effective. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 2 But within two years of the end of the war, new challenges and perceived threats had arisen to erode that confidence. April 6, 1917 In the following sentences, underline the gerund. d.) D) the beginning of World War II. Students view the film, analyze a primary source from the Oyneg Shabes archive, and consider why it matters who tells the stories of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. Hitler 's greatest strategic disadvantage in opposing the Allies' imminent reentry into Europe lay in the immense stretch of Germany 's conquests, from the west coast of France to the east coast of Greece. After the United States intervened militarily in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, however, this political consensus began to break down. . Students reflect on the unit as a whole and begin to write a strong thesis statement for their essay. c.) Through the government's bracero program, Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. Truman, disappointed by the limited reach of the act, said that he would have vetoed it had Congress been in session, but signed the act so there would be some legislation to aid displaced persons, rather than none. D) the division of Germany into communist and non-communist sectors. D. the Japanese assault on Pearl Harbor. Japan had committed too many of its resources to defending Hong Kong. The Soviet Union owed the United States a massive amount of debt. Visa applications were placed before an interdepartmental review committee consisting of representatives of the Visa Division, Immigration and Naturalization Service, FBI, Military Intelligence Division of the War Department, and the Navy Departments Office of Naval Intelligence. Which of the following is a reason that the United States initially stayed out of World War II? D. Five million women entered the workforce between 1940-1945. (This happened just as the systematic, Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the, President Harry S. Truman favored a liberal immigration policy toward, The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the. American officials were concerned that unfriendly governments would use family members as hostages or bargaining chips to coerce immigrants to commit acts of sabotage or espionage. B. it eliminated Japan's main refueling station for its air force. Students incorporate new evidence from the history of the Weimar era into the position they are developing. 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