These measures will go a long way to preventing labor abuse and exploitation, especially forced labor. I knew I was playing with fire. Within this decrease in obligated funds, donors shifted support to humanitarian and health sectors, consequently resulting in lower commitments to prevent conflict and support peace, security, and human rights. In 2021, the Attorney General's Human Trafficking Prosecution Unit initiated 25 cases, arrested 9 individuals, investigated and prosecuted 51 defendants, and rescued and assisted 107 victims. Ericka Moten Governments should continue working with neighbors and NGOs to address cross-border trafficking issues and support strong collaboration at the borders to identify and prevent trafficking. In the long term, private-sector collaboration should aim to improve the ability of companies to withstand shocks from crises that could leave portions of their workforce vulnerable to trafficking. Togo Portugal Suriname The Embassy will press the Nigerian government to improve the education of its armed forces on the laws and policy against the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers and to pay particular attention to remote outposts where such incidents are more likely to occur. In the case of child sex trafficking, the consent of the victim is never relevant as a child cannot legally consent to commercial sex. Her office oversees the three shelters and partners with the inter-secretarial human trafficking commission, civil society organizations, among others to keep them running and provide services to the residents. any person under 18 years of age who has been recruited or used in hostilities by armed forces distinct from the armed forces of a state. Freedom Mushaw 3. Sex trafficking can take place in private homes, massage parlors, hotels, or brothels, among other locations, as well as on the internet. Page 14: Panos Pictures/Adam Dean Timor-Leste Proactive partnerships between governments, financial institutions, law enforcement, civil society, and survivor experts are critical to identifying illicit financial activity associated with human trafficking. Guinea Vivian Ekey To maintain a Tier 1 ranking, governments need to demonstrate appreciable progress each year in combating trafficking. Years of studies, data, and the direct knowledge of those with lived experience of human trafficking demonstrate that systemic racism undercuts the intended goals of prosecuting traffickers, protecting those victimized, and preventing human trafficking in significant ways. Authorities continued to implement these policies in other provinces, targeted other religious minorities under their auspices, and sought the coerced repatriation and internment of religious and ethnic minorities living abroad through the use of surveillance, harassment and threats against them and their family members, and extradition requests. South Sudan Organizations might be in different stages of understanding and implementing trauma-informed and survivor-centered processes. Russia Greece They were routinely moved around and often unsure of where they were located. This years Trafficking in Persons Report sends a strong message to the world that global crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and enduring discriminatory policies and practices, have a disproportionate effect on individuals already oppressed by other injustices. Some survivors had to sell their cell phones to purchase food, further isolating them from potential assistance from case workers. As COVID-19 caused a global economic downturn and increased the number of individuals vulnerable to human trafficking, traffickers adapted their existing tactics to take advantage of the unique circumstances of the pandemic. The college program promised free tuition for a two-year degree program in Culinary Arts, free room and board, and an internship. Yemen. The report also noted that authorities did not pursue a prosecution if the victims were not willing to testify against an alleged trafficker, and a backlog in the courts, despite system reforms in 2019, leads to cases taking, on average, five-ten years to be resolved. Barry L. Paschal, Public Affairs Officer: 912-652-4422 Updated November 23, 2021 Topics Asset Forfeiture Human Trafficking Immigration Human Smuggling Labor & Employment Violent Crime Component Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) USAO - Florida, Middle USAO - Georgia, Middle USAO - Georgia, Northern USAO - Georgia, Southern USAO - Texas, Southern As of April 5, no funds subject to CSPA have been obligated. The means element of forced labor includes a traffickers use of force, fraud, or coercion. Toys, art supplies, and age-appropriate books are also provided. In 2019, the Afghan Ministry of Interior expanded child protection units (CPUs) to all 34 provinces, an increase from the 27 CPUs in 2018, to prevent the recruitment of children into the Afghan National Police. Cabo Verde The owner locked the 12-year-old in a dirty room with several other children and forced them to make bangles for 15 hours a day, using lacquer melted over dangerous burning coal and making only US $0.70 a week. iv. Around the world, governments, companies, and consumers committed to eliminating human trafficking from global supply chains can all play a role in demanding an end to the use of forced labor in Xinjiang and beyond. THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENTS AND THE FINANCIAL SECTOR. There were always lies, and it was never as glamorous as we were promised. Kathy Unlu Perpetua Anaele In either case, a missing persons report would not be filed, and child protective services or other welfare agencies would not be notified. Catherine E. Kay Both male and female children are often sexually abused or exploited by members of armed groups and suffer the same types of devastating physical and psychological consequences associated with sex trafficking. In 2018, the president created regional disarmament centers in Bamenda, Northwest Region, Buea in the Southwest Region, and Mora in the Far North Region. Most striking, al-Obaidly empowers his team and takes every opportunity for them to engage and share information with the public, including vulnerable communities, slowly building a passion for labor reforms within the Ministry. The country faces numerous longstanding challenges, including: inadequate infrastructure and human resources; the governments inability to project authority across the sizable country; corruption; a limited capacity to raise and manage revenues; outbreaks of infectious disease; as well as the destabilizing activity of numerous armed groups. Innovative AML compliance solutions that use big data, advanced analytics, network analysis, and, increasingly, artificial intelligence to monitor transactions and identify and report suspicious transactions can assist governments and the private sector in identifying and combating human trafficking networks. The United States provides targeted assistance to strengthen key Libyan institutions and build security capacity, promote political reconciliation, and increase Libyas capacity to stand on its own through more effective governance. This proposal was approved by the committee with funding. Peacekeeping Operations $12,692,025 Congo, Republic of the Predatory and exclusionary practices that keep certain racial communities from attaining financial stability and building generational wealth provide traffickers ample opportunity to offer tempting alternatives. Amy ONeill Richard These are only a few of the many manifestations of systemic racism that inhibit an effective anti-trafficking response. Then, we must do a better job supporting survivors when they escape. Thankfully, a bar owner friend would stitch us up without a hospital visit when we were hurt, so we didnt have another bill. It is essential that financial institutions train staff on techniques human traffickers use to launder money and the behavioral and financial red flag indicators of human trafficking. b. participation in international sex tourism by nationals of the country. In the first seven months of the pandemic, the International Aid Transparency Initiative noted a reduction of 17 percent in bilateral donor commitments between 2019 and 2020, which included a five percent decline in ODA. In Burma, families experienced drastic declines in household incomes, with 94 percent of households surveyed reporting a reduction of incomes, 81 percent reporting at least one family member losing a job, and 69 percent reporting having to take loans making these families vulnerable to trafficking. Eswatini Marshall Islands The embassy, along with the Ministry of National Security, the police Counter Trafficking Unit and other law-enforcement agencies, will work to improve identification, screening, arrests and prosecution of trafficking cases. We invite other governments and global partners to join in this effort and hold each other accountable. Consulting with survivors to review existing AML protocols and systems could help to identify gaps and possible improvements. By Mark P. Lagon and. The way survivors in leadership positions are treated should mirror the way that staff members without lived experience of human trafficking are treated, and vice versa. An end to the conflict will be critical in ending the further deterioration of socio-economic and security conditions, ensuring long-term stability, and securing the space for restoring effective governance institutions that are capable of partnering with the United States and the international community in combatting terrorism. For example, the International Military Education and Training (IMET) program funds professional military education and training for the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) that improves their capabilities, promotes respect for human rights, improves defense resource management, civil-military cooperation, and education on gender-based violence and womens health, and enhances interoperability for U.S.-Afghan joint operations. Every year adults and, to a lesser extent, children migrate voluntarily to countries in the Middle East to work in a variety of sectors, such as agriculture, construction, and domestic service. PKO funds will be used to continue to support the Ceasefire and Transitional Security Arrangements Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (CTSAMVM), which includes regional and international personnel that monitor, identify, and report on parties responsible for violations of the December 2017 Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities (COH) and the ceasefire provisions of the September 2018 Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (R-ARCSS). According to UNODC, migrant workers whose plans were disrupted by COVID-19 travel restrictions, either to travel home or to the workplace, were likely to have already paid recruitment fees or travel costs, placing them at risk of debt bondage. Bosnia and Herzegovina Kazakhstan Mexico These courageous efforts have pushed the government to start identifying these individuals as human trafficking victims. Civil society organizations collaborated to promote information sharing and the availability of COVID-related service provision and anti-trafficking guidance remotely. These delays decreased victims access to justice and legal assistance, which hampered victims emotional well-being, recovery, and repatriation, while allowing traffickers to continue their criminal activities and intimidate victims from pressing charges. See PDF version.]. Other collaborative efforts have provided anti-trafficking stakeholders, including service providers, investigators, prosecutors, and first responders, with the tools, equipment, and guidance to protect themselves against and screen for the virus, which is essential to ensuring the health and safety of victims, survivors, and vulnerable populations. There is a connection and a disparity from police profiling, arrest, incarceration rates, sentencing, and recidivism. This placement is based not on the size of a countrys problem but on the extent of government efforts to meet the TVPAs minimum standards for the elimination of human trafficking (see page 56-58), which are generally consistent with the Palermo Protocol. Korea, North Additionally, the author holds a Masters degree in Intercultural Studies with Children at Risk and a Bachelors degree in Education. The United States will continue engaging with Afghan security forces to encourage implementation of the policies and legal frameworks in place, such as the Ministry of Defenses Protection of Children in Armed Conflict Policy. The Department has highlighted the vulnerability of LGBTQI+ individuals, the trafficking risks they face, and the challenges associated with victim identification and protection around the world. Page 5: Picture Alliance The courageous voices of survivors, their family members abroad, researchers, and international advocacy groups have thoroughly documented the PRCs discriminatory use of surveillance technologies and trumped-up administrative and criminal charges to abduct and detain more than one million Muslims, including Uyghurs, ethnic Hui, ethnic Kazakhs, ethnic Kyrgyz, ethnic Tajiks, and ethnic Uzbeks, in as many as 1,200 state-run internment camps throughout Xinjiang. As a government and society, we strive to correct past wrongs and advance racial equity in the United States and abroad. Germany When a person younger than 18 is used to perform a commercial sex act, it is a crime regardless of whether there is any force, fraud, or coercion. The DRC plays a critical role in regional stability and security as malign influences continue to expand their influence in the region. Mali Austria 2. MANILA, Philippines (AP) Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte on Thursday publicly named 46 government officials, including three congressmen, he said are involved in illegal drugs, and added that criminal investigations against them are underway. The traffickers coercive scheme is what matters, not a victims prior consent or ability to meaningfully consent thereafter. The third project, the J/TIP Track4TIP project which started in 2019 and will close off at the end of March this year, pairs the UN Office on Drugs and Crime with agencies in Aruba, Brazil, Colombia, Curacao, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Peru and TT, to enhance the regions criminal justice response to human trafficking among migration routes involving Venezuelans. Although the government took steps to repatriate North Korean workers in accordance with UN Security Council resolutions (UNSCRs), citizens from the DPRK continued to arrive throughout the year, many of whom likely engaged in informal labor. In the same survey, more than 50 percent of migrant workers reported bearing new debts because of the pandemic. Myrtis Martin Likewise, Sewing New Futures, a nonprofit social enterprise that employs women and girls who have survived sex trafficking in northern India, expanded their product line to include cloth face masks. Malawi In June 2019, the Minister of Justice and Judiciary launched Somalias version of a UN advocacy and action campaign called ACT to Protect, aimed at protecting children affected by armed conflict, and the CPU established a Children Affected by Armed Conflict working group. At the local and regional levels,she is persistent in advancing advocacy, outreach, and rehabilitation services to combat human trafficking. Tier rankings and narratives in the 2021 Trafficking in Persons Report reflect an assessment of the following: Tier rankings and narratives are NOT affected by the following: Countries whose governments fully meet the TVPAs minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. The TVPA also authorizes the President to waive these restrictions if necessary to avoid significant adverse effects on vulnerable populations, including women and girls, and children. Maurice W. Johnson Cuba In February 2021, Bemaka-Soui spearheaded and oversaw the launch of the governments first radio campaign to raise awareness about human trafficking in the local language of Sango, thereby allowing the government to reach key communities. Uganda For the United States, this means confronting its history of chattel slavery, indigenous dispossession, and the centuries-long racial campaigns of violence, fear, and trauma that followed. PKO funds may also support International Code of Conduct Association efforts to improve oversight of private security contractors at the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) to ensure that UNMISS is able to fulfill its mandate of protection of civilians to help enable the peace process to succeed. The pandemic also stymied investigators progress as victim-witnesses were occasionally quarantined by the Ministry of Health. Anti-trafficking actors experienced an all-around decrease in resources and operations. In response to the risks of carrying out in-person research activities in communities that are vulnerable to both COVID-19 and trafficking, Freedom Fund drew on multisectoral best practices and guidance to create criteria for determining whether in-person research during COVID-19 can be safely conducted, as well as health and safety procedures to ensuring safe interactions. We are trafficked to survive; we are abused because we are unwanted, and we have to fight to be heard in the society we live in. Panama John Cotton Richmond The 2021 Trafficking in Persons Report covers government efforts undertaken from April 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021. For example, Winrock Internationals How to Build Cross-Sectoral Collaboration to Protect Workers in the Age of COVID-19, seeks to initiate cross-sector collaboration and provide guidance for the private sector and anti-trafficking organizations to address increased vulnerability to human trafficking, particularly forced labor, for job seekers, migrant workers, and individuals from vulnerable communities. They left their country with fake passports and worked hard laying asphalt and stone in residential neighborhoods. On October 14, 2020, the President determined that it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Afghanistan, Cameroon, Iraq, Libya, and Nigeria; and to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to the DRC to allow for the provision of IMET and Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) assistance, to the extent that the CSPA would restrict such assistance or support; to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Somalia to allow for the provision of IMET and PKO assistance and DoD support provided pursuant to 10 U.S.C. Estonia launched a nationwide e-learning initiative in schools, led by law enforcement organizations and anti-trafficking experts, to combat and raise awareness of the rise of online sex trafficking and child exploitation during the pandemic. When the family member is the trafficker, the exploitation is often normalized and accepted within the family culture, sometimes spanning generations. Page 2: Katie Orlinsyky Many organizations have published collaborative reports, such as Road to Recovery produced by Restore NYC, a U.S.-based service provider, in partnership with eight other anti-trafficking organizations, many of which were survivor-led and from various regions of the country, to present shared experiences and findings from service provision and organizational adaptations during COVID-19, as well as forward-looking takeaways. Mei instead spent more than a year in Chinese detention facilities where the authorities subjected her to political indoctrination and forced her to work in a factory making gloves for US $0.02 a pair. Karen Vierling Allen Malta Benildas parents trusted Joriz, so they allowed her to go with him. Vietnam The concurrence of the increased number of individuals at risk, traffickers ability to capitalize on competing crises, and the diversion of resources to pandemic response efforts has resulted in an ideal environment for human trafficking to flourish and evolve. During lockdown, traffickers in the Amazon in Brazil changed their patterns by sending child sex trafficking victims to the perpetrators private quarters or specific locations instead of the usual places where children were sold to perpetrators. Access to information and translation services for trafficking victims was also a challenge, as victim support networks reduced services to a minimum. The determination to include a government in the CSPA list is informed by a range of sources, including first-hand observation by U.S. government personnel and research and credible reporting from various UN entities, international organizations, local and international NGOs, and international and domestic media outlets. The report noted that because of covid19, the High Court, which is where human trafficking cases are heard, held no jury trials, which are necessary for trafficking cases. Governments, investors, researchers, and civil-society actors should explore how microfinance and other forms of social finance can support survivors. The ways in which a service provider would engage with an eight-year-old child exploited by a family member will need to be different than when engaging with a child who has a safe home with a trusted adult. Anti-trafficking approaches should continue to incorporate technological innovations responsibly to improve anti-trafficking responses. What happens in a private residence is hidden from the worldincluding from law enforcement and labor inspectorsresulting in barriers to victim identification. The President has further certified that the governments of the above countries are taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Embassy: Million$ spent to combat human trafficking in region in 2022 The organization also donated proceeds from the production of artisan goods, including the masks, towards medical care and social services for survivors. In this committee, she played a major role in promoting victim identification and protections for child trafficking victims. The Government of Nigeria should continue to make progress in combating the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers. In FY 2020, support is expected to expand to include efforts to strengthen Nigerian cadre and training facilities at their basic and advanced infantry schools. These initiatives, as well as any near-term security sector programming, will be used to support the security sector reform/disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (SSR/DDR) and governance needed to end the conflict and the recruitment and use of child soldiers. The acts element of sex trafficking is met when a trafficker recruits, harbors, transports, provides, obtains, patronizes, or solicits another person to engage in commercial sex. Eventually, they released Mei and allowed her to go back to Kazakhstan. 9. For purposes of the preceding sentence, suspended or significantly reduced sentences for convictions of principal actors in cases of severe forms of trafficking in persons shall be considered, on a case-by-case basis, whether to be considered an indicator of serious and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. United Arab Emirates Mali This prompted the Department of State to leave TT on the tier 2 watch list for a second year. A list of drug-related corruption cases involving public officials during the 1983-1985 period is included. Crystal Hill This means that service providers can recognize signs of trauma in individuals and respond by integrating knowledge about trauma into policies, procedures, practices, and settings. The United States recognizes two primary forms of trafficking in persons: forced labor and sex trafficking. Countries in the 2021 TIP Report that are not Party to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking In Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, Bhutan Under such a deluge, someone with information about a case or who may be a victim in real crisis will face longer service wait times and may miss their momentary chance to connect to a service provider. Their employer forced the men to work long hours, continually reduced their wages, and physically abused them. He pointed out that prosecuting illegal activity was not under the remit of the government. The President has determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive in part the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to DRC to allow for the provision of IMET and PKO assistance and has certified that the Government of the DRC is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Micronesia From forced labor in local or national public work projects, military operations, economically important sectors, or as part of government-funded projects or missions abroad to sexual slavery on government compounds, officials use their power to exploit their nationals. Susan Snyder Katherin paid US $1,500 to escape Venezuela and find security and opportunity in Guyana. As seen in most fields during the pandemic, technology has become a powerful means to connect people and collect information, while limiting individuals exposure to the virus. International Military Education and Training $394,066 The project is expected to go on for 24 months. Kathleen Vogel The President has determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Iraq and has certified that the Government of Iraq (GOI) is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Globally, an estimated 25 million people are subjected to human trafficking and forced labor, which is responsible for an estimated $150 billion annually in illicit profits. The Department of Defense intends to use its authority under 10 U.S.C. Most victims are not kidnapped by strangers or secretive syndicates. In addition, the GOI has made progress centralizing payment systems, including for the PMF, which helps to prevent government salaries from being paid to children. International outcry has grown since these abuses were first made public. When the tables turned onto me, I already knew their opinions. PKO funding may also support Cameroons maritime security capabilities to combat piracy, a growing regional economic threat. Harold Jahnsen When children experience familial trafficking, they may develop educational and social delays, physical health problems, and psychological disorders, such as complex post-traumatic stress disorder and attachment disorders. Many COVID-19 mitigation measures, such as mask wearing, virtual engagements, and self-isolation, could re-traumatize survivors. Additional Details Liberia FMF has supported Nigerias ability to participate in peacekeeping, counterterrorism and maritime security operations. Syria The multi-faceted challenges generated by the COVID-19 pandemic continue to evolve and expose vulnerability in individuals, as well as systemic gaps. 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