[5] He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics. Angleton, later chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Counterintelligence Staff, became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany. children: Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry George Philby, John . He would say we and our when speaking of the Soviet Union and defended his adopted countrys brutal crushing of the Hungarian Uprising in 1956 an event that disgusted many Left-wing supporters back in the UK. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. He was able to order new books from Bowes & Bowes bookshop in Cambridge, who checked with MI5 whether they should be supplying him. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. Harry Montague Philby was born in month 1857, at birth place, to Henry Adams Philby and Mary Philby (born Bridger). Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. Once hed gone, she rode out the public furore, the door-stepping journalists, the MI5 questioning, the abuse and insinuations, the bullying of her sons at school. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. It was published by Casterman in 2015, One of the earliest appearances of Philby as a character in fiction was in the 1974, In the 1987 adaptation of the novel, also named, Philby appears as one of the central antagonists in, Under the cover name of 'Mowgli' Philby appears in, Philby was the inspiration for the character of British intelligence officer Archibald "Arch" Cummings in the 2006 film, The song "Angleton", by Russian indie rock band, This page was last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. She flirted with other men and had affairs. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. His office oversaw a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and London. Fergus announced to some children with whom he was playing that My Daddy wants to stop all wars. How? [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. Philby was given the task of dealing with Volkov by British intelligence. A new expedition honours Harry St John Philby's exploration of the kingdom more than 100 years ago. They had access to the special shops reserved for the Soviet elite, and were able to import canned goods and drinks from Denmark. Harold Adrian Russell Philby, ; 1 1912, , 11 1988, ) . Registered in England No. [9][pageneeded]. The "affair of the missing diplomats," as it was referred to before Burgess and Maclean surfaced in Moscow,[54] attracted a great deal of public attention, and Burgess's disappearance, which identified him as complicit in Maclean's espionage, deeply compromised Philby's position. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. [79]Mikhail Lyubimov, his closest KGB contact, explained that this was to guard his safety, but later admitted that the real reason was the KGB's fear that Philby would return to London. Source for information on Philby, Harry St. John Bridger: The Columbia . This mistake made it possible to break the normally impregnable code. Philby had to help discover the identity of "Homer" but also wished to protect Maclean. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In September 1949, the Philbys arrived in the United States. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. Eventually, Melinda went back to her home country, the U.S., bringing to an end nearly 40 years of endurance, loyalty and betrayal. Philby jnr admitted that when the news broke, he felt a sense of something approaching quiet approval. Theirs had always been a stormy marriage, punctuated by bad behaviour on both sides and terrible rows. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. "[18], Philby continued to live in the United Kingdom with his wife for several years. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. 14:46 GMT 17 Apr 2018, For 15 years, British diplomat Donald Maclean was passing state secrets to his KGB masters. [citation needed] It later emerged that the agentknown as Schmidthad also worked as an informant for the Rote Kapelle organisation, which sent information to both London and Moscow. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. [45] A leading figure within the CIA was Philby's wary former colleague, James Jesus Angleton, with whom he once again found himself working closely. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. On the 50th anniversary of Philbys defection to Moscow, British newspaper The Daily Telegraph carried an article with excerpts of interviews with one of Philbys sons, Dudley Thomas Philby, and his Russian widow, Rufina Pukhova Philby. Melinda fitted the bill. Want to Read. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. Years after the war, Sir Hardy Amies, who had served as an intelligence officer during the war, recalled that Philby was in his mess and on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of memost significantly the name of my tailor". [82] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. He was happy in Moscow and fulfilled by his work. Melinda, it turned out, had driven to Lausanne, where tickets were waiting and luggage had been left in a station locker. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. Now Josephine, the eldest of his five children, has described how his family coped with the aftermath of a betrayal that shocked the nation. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. [3], Secret files released to the National Archives in late 2020 indicated that the UK government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevent the publication of his memoirs, according to a report by The Guardian. And Larry Wu Tai Chin almost singlehandedly prolonged the duration of the Korean War by two years. The man described himself as Otto. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. [38] Nevertheless, Angleton's suspicions went unheard. He was implicated in a similar campaign in Albania. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. I dont accept Philbys excuses. Expert news and commentary on intelligence, espionage, spies and spying, January 24, 2013 His mother, Dora nee Johnston, was his father's first wife. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. "[69] Prompted by Elliott's accusations, Philby confirmed the charges of espionage and described his intelligence activities on behalf of the Soviets. It was a mystery. She cashed a substantial cheque, bought her toddler daughter some new clothes and settled an outstanding garage bill. The two men said very little and the interview lasted barely five minutes. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . [12][13] Philby had come to the Soviets' notice earlier that year in Vienna, where he had been involved in demonstrations against the government of Engelbert Dollfuss. Harry St John Bridger Philby Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) (3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and colonial office intelligence officer. "[20], In 1938, Walter Krivitsky (born Samuel Ginsberg), a former GRU officer in Paris who had defected to France the previous year, travelled to the United States and published an account of his time in "Stalin's secret service". Although she would be left pitied, even censured, and alone in a country in which she had spent barely one-tenth of her life, it might be better that he should be free to live a new life in Moscow than spend a decade behind bars. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. PHILBY GB165-0229 Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, Oxford. From April 1950, Maclean had been the prime suspect in the investigation into the Embassy leak. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York. Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. Please try again later. When they had not returned on the Sunday night, her mother was frantic. A few days after her return to Switzerland, she told her mother she had run into an old friend in the local market and hed invited her and the children to stay with him for the weekend in his villa at the other end of Lake Geneva. And this was the line Melinda presented to MI5 after his defection with fellow mole Guy Burgess: she had been every bit as duped as theyd been. [73] On 30 July, Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, along with Soviet citizenship. They remained friends for many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just following the end of World War II. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. death death: 1988-05-11. manner of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. The first was ignored as a provocation, but the second, when this was confirmed by the Russo-German journalist and spy in Tokyo, Richard Sorge, contributed to Stalin's decision to begin transporting troops from the Far East in time for the counteroffensive around Moscow. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. He was given a hero's funeral, and posthumously awarded numerous medals [87] by the Soviets: Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Friendship of Peoples, Order of the Great Patriotic War, Lenin Medal and Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945". The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. They even had a dacha a country cottage 20 miles from Moscow where the children could swim, fish, bicycle and forage for mushrooms. 1915-1921. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. The Anglo-German Fellowship, at this time, was supported both by the British and German governments, and Philby made many trips to Berlin. We all loved him enormously. Philby told the British, after a direct question to Franco, that German troops would never be permitted to cross Spain to attack Gibraltar. But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. "I said something to the escort and he just stayed silent, sitting, leafing through his magazine. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. Commenting on his sabotage of the operation to secretly send thousands of Albanian anti-communists into Albania to overthrow the communist government, which led to many being killed, Philby rebutted that he helped prevent another World War. Johnson was killed outright, and Neil and Sheepshanks soon died of their injuries. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. Melinda walked out on her husband, leaving the children with Donald, and moved in with Philby. Burgess' defection to Moscow with Maclean in 1951 cast suspicion on Philby snr. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. by Ian Allen You should have seen his face.". With his brilliant mind and First from Cambridge, Maclean could bask in being the superior intellect to an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular, where he was withdrawn, giving nothing of himself away. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. [92] Melinda left Maclean and briefly lived with Philby in Moscow. He. [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. In 1949 Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. [39][5], The intervention of Philby in the affair and the subsequent capture of Volkov by the Soviets might have seriously compromised Philby's position. Kim Philby drank while Guy Burgess, who was gay, missed his friends in London, including Anthony Blunt whose spying activities, though known to the government, were kept under wraps until they were exposed much later, in 1979. Years later, Philby snr told his son that Burgess had kept his standard-issue KGB revolver and camera hidden under the boy's bed. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in Economics. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. He was 65. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. Kim Philby, the most successful of the Cambridge spies, tried to drink himself to death in Moscow because he was disillusioned with communism and tortured by his own failings, his last wife has said in an interview. British diplomat Donald Maclean was passing state secrets to his KGB masters appointed first to... 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